Three sources, one question, different answers
How many welfare schemes does a given state have? Every central government portal that answers this question answers it differently, and no portal acknowledges the others exist. The prior question is whether the state's own answer can be read at all, and for six states in 22 it cannot.
Sixteen states can be read by a machine. Six cannot, and that is a finding about those six.
Every number further down this page comes from a state whose budget a machine could read. That is not the same as a state that publishes one. Gujarat publishes more than most states here and cannot be read at all; Bihar publishes more than Gujarat and converts it to drawings first. When a machine cannot read a state’s budget, that is a fact about the state. This page shows those states beside the ones a machine can read.
What stops each of the 6, and what would undo it →
| State | Publishes a scheme list | The names are text | A name has an end | Named in English | The book proves itself | Cleared | Schemes named | What decides it |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Bengal | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 9,024 | English throughout the detailed demands, keyed on the head of account. |
| Tamil Nadu | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 6,220 | Fifty-five bilingual demand books with English in its own column and object heads against every line. |
| Punjab | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 2,961 | Gurmukhi cannot share a codepoint with Latin, and the books check their own arithmetic at every level of the head of account. |
| Kerala | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 2,629 | The Annual Plan statements carry a scheme code, an English column and Unicode Malayalam. |
| Telangana | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 2,039 | The Pragathi Paddu is a plain English scheme table; the current cycle is on the IFMIS portal and not on the Finance Department's own budget page. |
| Maharashtra | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 1,956 | It publishes an English EDITION of a Marathi book rather than a bilingual one, which is the single most useful thing a state does for anyone reading it. |
| Odisha | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 1,628 | Forty-four demand books with English above Unicode Odia and a printed total at every level. |
| Haryana | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 970 | The Plan Memorandum names 970 schemes where the national portal lists 249. |
| Jharkhand | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 852 | It prints STATE SCHEME <name>(<code>) in English capitals, and the Hindi and English are separated by a slash. |
| Tripura | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 of 5 | 134 | Its 134 state schemes and the 74 centrally sponsored ones beside them come to 208. DBT Bharat counts 209. No other state document here comes this close to a national count. |
| Uttarakhand | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | 4 of 5 | 2,324 | Volume 5 names 2,302 schemes against the portal's 446, and 806 of its 4,492 printed totals do not reconcile against the rows beneath them. |
| Delhi | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | 4 of 5 | 1,578 | The whole scheme budget is one plain English file. Its Grand Total does not close: it prints 62,55,000 lakh, and the rows sum to 64,55,956, 3.2 per cent more. |
| Karnataka | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | 4 of 5 | 969 | The Gender, Child and SCSP/TSP books print no totals at any level, so the reading has nothing to check itself against. |
| Andhra Pradesh | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | 4 of 5 | 552 | Plain English and a single script, and the Gender Budget prints no totals to check a reading against. |
| Uttar Pradesh | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | 3 of 5 | 5,831 | The only state here built WITHOUT clearing the English test. Its budget has no English. myScheme lists its schemes in romanised Hindi, so the join is a change of script. 111 of its 4,198 printed totals do not reconcile. |
| Chhattisgarh | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | 3 of 5 | 574 | Built from the WRONG BOOKS, and its own page says so. Its 44 department scheme books hold 2,562 rows and set every name in the Chanakya legacy font. That font maps its codes to Latin glyph names and draws Devanagari outlines in the slots. So neither the font nor anything else in the PDF can decode the names. They fail the text test, and this register does not publish them. Instead it reads the Outcome, Gender, Youth and Child books that 33 departments publish. These are in Kruti Dev, an ASCII font. Its table is checked against the state's own Unicode department index. Like Uttar Pradesh, the books are Hindi only. So the state does not clear the English test, and the join is a change of script, not a translation. |
| Surveyed, and does not yield a machine-readable scheme list | ||||||||
| Gujarat | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ··· | ··· | 2 of 3 | ··· | The Outcome Budget puts the name, the head of account and sometimes the target in one column, with no separator. The column boundaries move between pages. No rule can find the end of a name. |
| Rajasthan | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ··· | 3 of 4 | ··· | The Output-Outcome Budget is in English. It breaks names across lines mid-word with no hyphen, and geometry alone cannot undo that. It prints no totals to check a guess against. |
| Bihar | ✓ | ✗ | ··· | ··· | ··· | 1 of 2 | ··· | It converts its budget to vector curves before it publishes it. Its own file name is Demands For Grants Curve.pdf. Its 108 pages yield 108 extractable characters. |
| Assam | ✗ | ··· | ··· | ··· | ··· | 0 of 1 | ··· | Its seven documents for this cycle include no scheme list. The FY 2024-25 Gender Budget is a good table and is two cycles behind what this register publishes. |
| Himachal Pradesh | ✗ | ··· | ··· | ··· | ··· | 0 of 1 | ··· | It publishes thirty documents and serves none of them: every link is a __doPostBack that 302s back to the portal home. |
| Madhya Pradesh | ✗ | ··· | ··· | ··· | ··· | 0 of 1 | ··· | NOT the font any more. It is set in KrutiDev010, and parse/krutidev.py decodes it. A page of Volume 9 came out as fluent Hindi with no change to the decoder. Its demand books print a scheme code in brackets, a name and four money columns, so they would parse. What stops it is the CYCLE. Its latest published budget is 2025-26, and this register publishes 2026-27. The finance site's year filter offers 2026-27 but returns no documents for it. Every naming variant of the volume and demand book URLs gives a 404. So it stops at the FIRST test, which asks for a scheme list FOR THIS CYCLE, and the later tests are not asked. It would pass three of them. This note records that, but the score does not: a test the state was never asked cannot count as cleared. |
- Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh serve no scheme list at all. Assam publishes none for this cycle. Himachal Pradesh publishes thirty documents and serves none of them.
- Bihar publishes names as pictures rather than as text. Bihar converts each page to vector curves before it publishes the book.
- Gujarat and Rajasthan publish names a machine cannot find the end of. Gujarat runs the name, the code and the target into one column. Rajasthan breaks names across lines mid-word.
Only one of the six is a layout problem. Each of the others comes from a decision. One state sets its budget in a legacy font. One converts it to curves before it publishes it. One lists an English edition and serves a 404 for it. One publishes nothing for the current cycle. Only the state can reverse each decision.
That last clause is the one that does the work and the one this register got wrong. We labelled seven states against this wording. We labelled eight later states against a looser sentence that admitted “a service”. That sentence lets in a helpline, a creche, an anganwadi’s running costs and an agricultural extension wing. We read sixty-nine published rows again against the wording above, and fifty-six changed side. Until then, the headline number added two different definitions together and did not say so.
Listing a state and accusing a portal are different claims, and all sixteen states now make both. Each state has a classifier, tested against that state’s own hand labels. Every row at the state’s publishing bar has a hand label. So the precision behind an absence claim is a count, and each error has a name. To call a directorate a hidden scheme is a false accusation, and these states clear that bar. The table above links each state’s full budget book. The classifier decides which lines this register calls schemes. The other lines of the book stay on the state’s page.
Uttar Pradesh is here without clearing the English test, and it is the only one. The largest state in India publishes its budget in Hindi and in nothing else. For that reason it was a refusal, until we checked the reason. The check went the other way: myScheme does not list Uttar Pradesh’s schemes in English either. It lists them in romanised Hindi: Kanya Sumangala Yojana, Berojgari Bhatta Yojna. So the two lists differ only in SCRIPT. A change of script is mechanical. A translation would be a claim about meaning, and this register does not make one. This page shows its 5,831 names as the state wrote them, each with a romanisation labelled as derived.
The last test is the strictest, and it separates the states that a machine can read. The book prints its own totals, and our reading must agree with all of them. Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh fail because their books print no totals, so nothing can check our reading against the source. Delhi and Uttarakhand fail because their printed totals do not close. These are different failures. The table cannot show the difference, but the sentence beside each state does.
Across 36 states and union territories, DBT Bharat names more schemes than myScheme in 28 of them, and myScheme names more in the rest. Neither portal is a superset of the other, so a reader cannot pick one and be done.
| State or UT | myScheme | DBT Bharat | Gap | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 19 | 127 | +108 | DBT higher |
| Andhra Pradesh | 51 | 130 | +79 | DBT higher |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 38 | 82 | +44 | DBT higher |
| Assam | 78 | 127 | +49 | DBT higher |
| Bihar | 113 | 189 | +76 | DBT higher |
| Chandigarh | 21 | 63 | +42 | DBT higher |
| Chhattisgarh | 106 | 219 | +113 | DBT higher |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | 62 | 71 | +9 | DBT higher |
| Delhi | 53 | 93 | +40 | DBT higher |
| Goa | 271 | 186 | -85 | myScheme higher |
| Gujarat | 641 | 388 | -253 | myScheme higher |
| Haryana | 249 | 173 | -76 | myScheme higher |
| Himachal Pradesh | 75 | 175 | +100 | DBT higher |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 43 | 81 | +38 | DBT higher |
| Jharkhand | 96 | 156 | +60 | DBT higher |
| Karnataka | 56 | 504 | +448 | DBT higher |
| Kerala | 81 | 73 | -8 | myScheme higher |
| Ladakh | 4 | 54 | +50 | DBT higher |
| Lakshadweep | 9 | 63 | +54 | DBT higher |
| Madhya Pradesh | 288 | 153 | -135 | myScheme higher |
| Maharashtra | 84 | 311 | +227 | DBT higher |
| Manipur | 27 | 88 | +61 | DBT higher |
| Meghalaya | 83 | 84 | +1 | DBT higher |
| Mizoram | 25 | 66 | +41 | DBT higher |
| Nagaland | 16 | 85 | +69 | DBT higher |
| Odisha | 83 | 173 | +90 | DBT higher |
| Puducherry | 270 | 147 | -123 | myScheme higher |
| Punjab | 41 | 128 | +87 | DBT higher |
| Rajasthan | 157 | 191 | +34 | DBT higher |
| Sikkim | 23 | 84 | +61 | DBT higher |
| Tamil Nadu | 234 | 192 | -42 | myScheme higher |
| Telangana | 22 | 155 | +133 | DBT higher |
| Tripura | 37 | 211 | +174 | DBT higher |
| Uttar Pradesh | 46 | 194 | +148 | DBT higher |
| Uttarakhand | 446 | 225 | -221 | myScheme higher |
| West Bengal | 109 | 134 | +25 | DBT higher |
| All states and UTs | 4,057 | 5,575 | +1,518 |
The same portal, counted the same way, disagreeing with itself
Someone can always explain a gap between two portals as a difference in units. That explanation fails for a gap inside one portal. Every number below is myScheme’s own, counted the same way on the same day.
| State | Schemes | Compared with | Schemes | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gujarat | 641 | Karnataka | 56 | 11.4× |
| Uttarakhand | 446 | Uttar Pradesh | 46 | 9.7× |
| Goa | 271 | Telangana | 22 | 12.3× |
| Haryana | 249 | Punjab | 41 | 6.1× |
Uttarakhand is a tenth of Uttar Pradesh by population. Goa is smaller than most Indian cities. No plausible policy difference runs an order of magnitude in that direction. So these ratios show how much each state has loaded onto a central portal, and say little about how much welfare it runs.
To name them, this register reads each state’s own budget, one state at a time. There is no common format, and a state may not publish a readable budget at all. /states shows the 16 states a machine can read and the states it cannot.
The same claim, for sixteen states, on sixteen pages
Each state’s absence claim is on that state’s own page, beside the budget book it comes from.
Funded, monitored, and never announced
Some schemes are funded but never announced to citizens. That is a stronger finding than any missing field. A count that starts from myScheme’s 4,771 records cannot see these schemes.
| Funded and classified a scheme, absent from myScheme | BE 2026–27 (₹ cr) | Score | Why it scores as a scheme |
|---|---|---|---|
| Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin)-VB-G RAM G Scheme | 95,692 | 7 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; Centrally Sponsored, delivered |
| Samagra Shiksha | 42,100 | 8 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; has an Output-Outcome framewor |
| Flexible Pool for RCH & Health System Strengthening, National Health Programme and National Urban Health Mission CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES | 31,820 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Krishionnati Yojana | 11,200 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna | 8,550 | 8 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; has an Output-Outcome framewor |
| Assistance to States Agencies for Intra-State Movement of Foodgrains and FPS Dealers Margin under NFSA | 6,500 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Post Matric Scholarship for SCs | 6,360 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Programme for Development of Scheduled Tribes (PM Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojna) CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES | 5,700 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Assistance to States for Public Health Infrastructure | 4,200 | 4 | Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; benefit words in the name: assistance |
| Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PMABHIM) | 4,200 | 4 | Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; benefit words in the name: mission |
| Mission Shakti (Mission for Protection and Empowerment for Women) | 3,605 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban 2.0 | 3,000 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Watershed Development Component-Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna | 2,500 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA) | 1,850 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) Scheme | 1,500 | 6 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; has an Output-Outcome framewor |
| Vigyan Dhara | 1,425 | 4 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; has an Output-Outcome framewor |
| National AYUSH Mission | 1,300 | 8 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; has an Output-Outcome framewor |
| Schemes of North East Council | 825 | 4 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; has an Output-Outcome framewor |
| Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) | 596 | 5 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; benefit words in the name: yoj |
| Deendayal Jan Aajeevika Yojana- Shehari - DJAY(S) | 537 | 7 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; Centrally Sponsored, delivered |
| PM-eBus Sewa Scheme | 500 | 5 | has an Output-Outcome framework; Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; bene |
| Scheme for Industrial Housing | 400 | 4 | Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; benefit words in the name: housing, s |
| National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) | 333 | 5 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; Centrally Sponsored, delivered |
| National Urban Digital Mission (NUDM) | 300 | 4 | Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; benefit words in the name: mission |
| National Mission for a Green India | 212 | 7 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; Centrally Sponsored, delivered |
| Raw Material Supply Scheme | 200 | 5 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; benefit words in the name: sch |
| Scheme of Residential Education for Students in High School in Targeted Area (SRESHTA) for SCs | 150 | 5 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; benefit words in the name: sch |
| Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNT/NT/SNTs (SEED) CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEMES | 101 | 5 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; benefit words in the name: emp |
| Scheme for Modernization and Reforms through Technology in Public Distribution System (SMART-PDS) | 77 | 4 | Centrally Sponsored, delivered through states to citizens; benefit words in the name: scheme |
| Human Resources Development and Training | 40 | 5 | named in DBT Bharat's central list, so money reaches individuals; benefit words in the name: tra |
We tested the classifier against myScheme membership. At the F1-optimal threshold of 2, precision is 31%. This table uses the stricter threshold of 4, where precision is 56%. To name a scheme as missing is an accusation, so the table uses the high-precision end. The recall figure is a floor. When the classifier calls a line a scheme and myScheme lacks it, the classifier can be right and the portal incomplete. That is the subject of this page. Some errors remain, and you can see them above: “Space Technology” should not be here.